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The history of card counting is indeed intriguing, and it’s closely associated with the game of blackjack. Card counting is a strategy used by players to keep track of the ratio of high-value cards to low-value cards left in the deck. This information can give players an advantage by allowing them to make more informed bets and decisions.

The concept of card counting dates back to the 1960s when mathematician Edward Thorp published his book “Beat the Dealer.” In his book, Thorp introduced the concept of card counting and provided a basic strategy for using it to gain an edge in blackjack. His work laid the foundation for modern card counting techniques.

Over time, various card counting systems have been developed, each with its own level of complexity and effectiveness. The most well-known system is the Hi-Lo count, which assigns values of +1, 0, and -1 to certain groups of cards. As the count becomes more positive, it indicates a higher ratio of high-value cards (10s and Aces) in the remaining deck, which is favorable for the player. A higher count increases the player’s advantage and suggests the opportunity to increase bets.

However, casinos caught onto the use of card counting and took measures to counteract it. They implemented multiple decks, shuffled more frequently, and introduced other rule changes to reduce the effectiveness of card counting. In fact, casinos have the right to refuse service to players they suspect of card counting.

When it comes to online blackjack, the situation is a bit different. In theory, card counting could work in online blackjack, but there are several significant challenges:

1. Random Number Generators (RNGs): Online blackjack uses random number generators to simulate shuffling and dealing. These algorithms are designed to mimic the randomness of real-world card games, making it difficult for players to track card values accurately.
2. Continuous Shuffling Machines (CSMs): Many online blackjack games use continuous shuffling machines that constantly shuffle the virtual decks. This makes it nearly impossible to gain any advantage from card counting, as the composition of the deck is constantly changing.
3. Limited Deck Penetration: In traditional casino blackjack, skilled card counters often look for games with deep deck penetration, meaning a significant portion of the deck is dealt before reshuffling. Online blackjack tends to have limited deck penetration, further diminishing the effectiveness of card counting.
4. Detection and Countermeasures: Online casinos have sophisticated software to detect patterns of play, including card counting. If a player is suspected of card counting, the casino can take measures such as reducing bet limits or even banning the player from the platform.

In conclusion, while card counting has a fascinating history and can be effective in certain conditions, it’s much more challenging to apply successfully in online blackjack due to the use of RNGs, continuous shuffling machines, limited deck penetration, and advanced detection methods employed by online casinos.